4^th International Congress on Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases May 16-18, 2016 San Antonio, Texas, USA

Poonsuk Prasertsan has completed her PhD in 1987 from The University of Queensland, Australia. She has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer in many international journals.

Biological activity of biopolymer from Bacillus subtilis WD161 and formulation as mucoadhesive film for proliferation of oral cancer cell lines were investigated. Among many biological activities tested, the biopolymer WD161 exhibited positive result against oral tongue squamous carcinoma cell lines (HN13 cell lines) which is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. In vitro cytotoxicity test by PrestoBlue™ reagent assay revealed the effective dose of the purified biopolymer. The mucoadhesive film containing the biopolymer WD161 was formulated which was consisted of polycarbophil (as bioadhesive polymer), glycerol (as plasticizer) and the biopolymer WD161 (as bioactive compound). The release of the biopolymer WD161 from the mucoadhesive film was found to be 70.76% (using Franz cell assay in the artificial saliva at 37 °C) within 180 min.

Dr. G. Dinesh Kumarhas completed his M.B.B.S from Meenakshi University, Kancheepuram folllowed by M.D in COMMUNITY MEDICINE at SRM UNIVERSITY, TAMIL NADU INDIA I am presently working as Assistant Professor in Dept. of Community Medicine, SRM UNIVERSITY, INDIA. I have a keen in interest in Epiedemiology and research.

Background: Among communicable diseases, leprosy remains a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability in the world, inspite of the extensive efforts to reduce the disease burden.Objectives: To estimate the quality of life and the factors influencing quality of life among people affected by leprosy in leprosy settlements of Chengalpet taluk. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted at leprosy settlements of Chengalpet taluk. A total of 247 leprosy affected persons participated in the study. House to house interview was conducted using a predesigned, pre tested questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL- BREF. Results: The Mean domain scores of the various domains were computed and it was , physical domain 20.55±3.9, psychological domain 16.16±2.9, social relationship domain 8.16±2.08 and environment domain was 24.34±3.9 The overall quality of life score was calculated and was found to be 69.21±9.9. Quality of life scores among males was more than that of the females in the various domains, although no statistical significance was observed. On assessing the overall quality of life it was found that age, educational status, income, occupation, marital status, disease duration and the disability had significance on the quality of life leprosy affected persons Conclusion: The socio demographic variables like young age, education, having an occupation and being married had positive influence on the overall quality of life domain. Care after cure should be an integral component in leprosy. Keywords: Communicable disease,Leprosy, disability ,WHO QOL BREF, Quality of Life

Swati Khare has completed her Masters in Pharmacy (M. Pharma) in Pharmaceutics (Honors) from College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, Indore (M.P.) in 2012. Currently she is working with IIST College Indore as Assistant Professor. Earlier she had worked with Cyano Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Indore as Q.A. Officer. She has presented poster on “Innovative pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science” in Bhopal and Paper presentation during Technopharma event held in S.I.R.T. Bhopal in April 2012.

Truncate Infections caused by Helminthes, or parasitic worms, affect more than two billion people worldwide. Looking at this situation, an attempt has been made to formulate a novel drug delivery system known as medicated chewing gum containing masticatory gum base with pharmacologically active ingredient Diethylcarbamazine citrate (used as a first-line agent for control and treatment of Lymphatic filariasis and for therapy of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi). Optimized formulations of medicated chewing gum with varying concentration of gum base were formulated. Evaluation parameter like Texture analysis (Hardness, Firmness and Springiness test) is carried out by Texture analyzer apparatus (TAXT plus). Improved essentials of casting & In-Vitro release profile of drug in saliva was obtained by formulation Fc3 (96.2%). Buccal absorption studies showed that 39.2% of drug absorbed within one minute when available to buccal mucosa at pH 5.5, commensurate with explain diethylcarbamazine citrate- medicated chewing gum (DEC-MCG) can be considered as better formulation for buccal drug delivery system in which drug is absorbed buccally and reaches the systemic circulation via jugular vein.

With 22 years old, Jesús Mario Iracheta Villarreal has sarted a Microbiology Master in the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. He has a Químico Bacteriólogo Parasitólogo degree from the same university and its planning on doing a PhD in the future. His interests are the microbiology in general and the micribiota of environments

Pathogens diseases have increased over the years due to the emergence of drug resistant strains. The use of antagonistic microorganisms against these resistant organisms is an alternative to combat infectious diseases that cause in human beings. Five microorganisms isolated from algae and clams in marine ecosystems from the state of Sonora, were studied with the cross streak method to evaluate the antagonistic activity against ATCC strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The microorganisms that had antagonistic activity were identified by molecular biology using the 16S rRNA. The strains that showed the best activity were antagonistic microorganisms from algae, numbered 30R and 39, identifying them as bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Strains numbered 35 and 44, showed only antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus respectively and identifying them as Staphylococcus bacteria. There has been reported various microorganisms with antagonistic activity in the marine environments, and bacteria from the genus Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Actinobacteria being evaluated against pathogens. Various reports show antimicrobial activity of microbiota isolated in Mexican ecosystems. Bacteria isolated from the state of Sonora are an option for alternatives against pathogens for man.

Monalisa T Manhanzva attained her undergraduate bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences and has just finished her Master’s degree in Molecular Virology at the University of Zimbabwe. She will embark on postdoctoral studies in the field of Medical Virology at the University of Cape town in January 2016 where she has already secured a place. She has published 4 papers in reputed journals and reviewed an article for Plos One journal.

There is paucity of information on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug-resistance mutations in infants infected despite prevention of mother to child transmission in Zimbabwe. This study examined 32 dried blood spot specimens from HIV- 1 C infected infants born alive to women receiving antiretroviral therapy, who were part of the WHO/ResNet early infant diagnosis program between January 2010 and January 2011. The objective was to determine the patterns and levels of HIV drug resistance and inform on policy formulation. Overall HIV prevalence of the infants in the retrospect study period was 2.4% (32/1356). Half of the samples (16/32) analyzed had HIV associated drug resistance mutations, however excluding polymorphic mutations the HIV drug resistant mutations were 25% (8/32). Frequencies of the mutations were (E138A, n=6; G190A, n=1; M230ML, n=1; K103KN, n=1; Y181C, n=5; V90VI, n=1; E138G, n=1; E138EA, n=1). One patient had two mutations the K103KN and the Y181C. Of the sixteen patients with HIV drug resistance mutations, 5 had nevirapine only resistance, none had lamivudine resistance and 8 had both etravirine and rilpivirine resistance, 2 had both nevirapine, efavirenz and 1 had rilpivirine only. The study shows an apparent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drug resistance predominance and suggests a judicious use of NNRTI regimens and a prudent strategy to minimize the selection of drug resistance mutations.

Doreen Nehumbahas completed her MSc at the age of 44 years from Stellenbosch University.I am the senior Technologist at the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences. I have submitted my first article for publication

associated with changes in biochemical and metabolic parameters including changes in lipid profiles. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in lipid profiles among HIV positive outpatients who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and those who are ART-naïve over a nine months period. 171 patients were investigated, 79% were ART-experienced, while 82% of those on treatment were on NVP/EFV first line ART. More than 60% of ART-naïve and ART-experienced patients had some form of dyslipidemia either at baseline or at follow-up, but the lipid median values for the two groups were within normal limits. At baseline, median levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were slightly higher in the ART-experienced group. After nine months of antiretroviral treatment the average lipid values were still within normal limits. Interestingly, there was higher increase in HDL over time in the ART negative group compared to the ART positive group. There was a decrease in TC/HDL ratio in both groups over time. HIV positive patients frequently show various forms of dyslipidemia, but there are no changes in average atherogenic lipid levels after nine months.

Alemayehu Reta has completed his BSc at the age of 21 years from Haromaya University and MSc studies from Jimma University Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Pathology. He is the department head of Medical Laboratory Science. He has published 2 papers in reputed journals.

Young children are major reservoir for community acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and accelerate transmission of CA-MRSA. The aim of this study was to determine the nasal carriage and antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRSA isolates among school children in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates among school children. A total of 300 nasal swabs were collected from March 1 to June 30, 2013. MRSA was detected using both Cefoxitin (30 µg) and Oxacillin (1 µg) discs in combination and risk factors were assessed using self-administered structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS V-20. Of 123 S. aureus isolates 17(13.8%) were MRSA isolates. The main risk factors for nasal carriage of MRSA in the study area were, having recurrent acute otitis media and use of an antibiotic in the previous year. The Susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolates were (94.1%) to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin, (88.2%) to Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin and Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and (58.8%) to Doxycycline. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G and sensitive to Gentamycin. This study showed a rising rate of nasal carriage of MRSA among school children. Previous use of antibiotics by the children was statistically associated with MRSA carriage. Therefore developing decolonization protocols and proper utilization of drugs are needed in order to reduce the transmission and the burden of MRSA.

Since 1998 Dr. Gayane Gevorgyan is working as a head of Serology department of Armenian Haematology center. She published about 25 scietific works and participated in 47 national and international conferences.

Purpose: Blood transfusion safety is one of the main problems of hematology. The detection of hepatitis B and C in blood donors of Yerevan city was the purpose of current study. Materials and Methods: Samples of blood were studied by ELISA method using AXSYM automated analyzer (Abbott-system). Blood samples were collected by “d-VAC Gel and Clot aсtivator” tubes. Blood serum was separated by centrifugation (6000  g; 10 min). Samples were assayed in the day of blood collection. Results: Results of investigations for period of 2013 – 2014 years are presented here. In 2013 the number of donations was 7555. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 1(0.01%) cases; antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc) were revealed in 296 (3.9%); hepatitis C antibodies (HCV) were shown in 29(0.38%) cases. Above it, we detected 26(0.34%) HBsAg+Anti-HBc and 13(0.17%) HCV+Anti-HBc double positive samples. In 2014 the quantity of studies was 8341.3(0.035%) samples were positive to HBsAg; 329(3.94%) tests were positive to Anti-HBc; HCV was shown in 48(0.57%) cases. HBsAg+Anti-HBc were detected in 43(0.52%) and HCV+Anti-HBc double positive results were described in 10(0.12%) cases. Conclusion: Increasing dynamics of blood donations was characterized for the studded period. In the same time the revealing of donors data and Anti-HBc and HBsAg+Anti-HBc mixed detections were increased. On the other hand, in 2014 was shown the enhancement of HCV-positive cases. Results of HBsAg and HCV+Anti-HBc studies were stable

A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2013 to May 2014 with the objectives to isolate, identify and determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of salmonella species from selected poultry farms in Debre zeit, Ethiopia. From a total of 196 cloacal swabs collected 50 (25.5%) were found to be positive for Salmonella organisms using culture method, and 15 (7.6%) Salmonella isolates were confirmed using biochemical tests. All culture and biochemical positive samples were further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) through amplification of histidine transport operon as a target gene for the presence of salmonella isolates. From culture and biochemical positive samples, gel electrophoresis of the PCR product revealed the presence of 496bp segments in 13 (6.7%) Salmonella isolates. The statistical analysis has revealed a significantly association between different age groups of chickens (X2 = 10.56; P = 0.005) and farms (X2 =10.74; P=0.013) with the percentage of Salmonella isolates. Most of the Salmonella isolates were found to be resistant against commonly used antimicrobials such as Sulfisoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin followed by Tetracycline, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Cephalotin and more than half(69.3%) of the isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. The high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial agents found in this study might be attributed to uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents as growth promoters in poultry farms. Therefore, proper treatment of chickens using appropriate antibiotics is then quite essential. Key words: Antimicrobials; Isolation; PCR; Poultry; Salmonella

Professor of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health Alexandria University. Current position: Head of Microbiology& Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (2010- up till now). Head of Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public health, University of Alexandria, (2005 –2008). Reviewer of the Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health (Bull HIPH), the Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, and Journal of the Medical Research Institute. Supervised a number of research projects, master and doctor theses in different fields of microbiology

Food borne diseases are the most wide spread health problem in the world and they have implication both on health and development. Salmonella Spp. are significant microbial hazards in seafood and rapid detection of Salmonella is an important criterion in quality control of seafood. This study aimed to determine the percentage of Salmonella in seafood from some markets in Alexandria and to study the validity of CHROMagar Salmonella Plus medium versus conventional method; Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar for the isolation and identification of Salmonella in some seafoods. This study included 225 seafood samples that were obtained from local markets in different districts of Alexandria. The 225 seafood samples included shrimp, gandofli and River mussel (om- khloul) 75 samples each. Each sample was cultured after enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and tetrathionate broth for the detection of Salmonella on each of CHROMagar Salmonella Plus medium versus the conventional culture media (XLD and SS agar). Suspected colonies were detected and confirmed both biochemically and serologically. A total of 22 seafood samples (9.8%) were positive for Salmonella by using the three different plating media. Its presence reflects the prevalence of the organism in seafood, or the bad hygienic quality of seafood. CHROMagar Salmonella Plus medium plated with samples previously enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth showed the highest senitivity and specificity of 95.45% and 100% respectively. The accuracy of SS agar after enrichment in TT was 42.2% and increased to 92.4% after enrichment in RV. CHROMagar Salmonella Plus medium was found to be more valuable than XLD and SS in the detection of Salmonella from seafood samples. It provides a time saving method for the detection and presumptive identification of Salmonellae from seafood specimens. Interpretation of colors was easy, and all colonies of Salmonellae tested displayed the same color and morphology.