Chair

Suresh Joshi

Drexel University, USA

Co-Chair

Mohamed Fakhr

University of Tulsa, USA

Session Introduction

George L. Mendz

The University of Notre Dame, Australia

Title: The Vaginal Microbiome of Gravidae in Health and Disease

Biography:

Professor George L. Mendz has an MSc from the University of Barcelona (Spain), and a PhD from the University of NSW. He has been Lecturer at the College of Natural Sciences, the University of Puerto Rico (San Juan); Research Associate at the School of Chemistry and the Department of Biochemistry, the University of Sydney; ARC Senior Research Fellow and Associate Professor at the School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, the University of NSW; Associate Professor at the Department of Bacteriology, the University of Bordeaux II; and Associate Professor at the School of Medical Sciences, the University of NSW.

Abstract:

Background: There is limited knowledge of the community structure of the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women. This work aimed to provide a more complete description the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women in late pregnancy, and to investigate differences between the microbiota of healthy gravidae women and those who experienced complications during pregnancy, in particular women giving birth at term or preterm. Methods: Upper vagina swabs were obtained from 225 women of Caucasian, Asian, Indian, Middle East, and Pacific Island racial backgrounds during the third trimester of pregnancy. Participating women were administered a questionnaire including demographic data and summarising the history of the pregnancy; 132 women of five ethnic backgrounds had no complications during the pregnancy. The identity of the taxa present was determined by ultrafast sequencing of the V1V3 regions of the 16S rDNA gene of DNA extracted from the swabs. The sequence data were analysed with MOTHUR and statistical analyses were performed employing various bioinformatics tools. Results and Discussion: The relative abundance of some phyla was different in pregnant and non-pregnant (from other studies) women. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed the bacterial populations of women without complications to cluster in four vaginotypes driven by four Lactobacillus species. This organisation was partially dependent on the racial background of the woman and was altered by complications during pregnancy. A CLUSTER analysis showed a fine structure in these vaginotypes created by taxa belonging to the genera Escherichia, Atopobium and Prevotella. The participants were stratified into two groups: with or without complications during pregnancy. Using univariate analysis, 9 genera were found significantly correlated with genital infections. PERMANOVA analyses yielded significant differences between the microbiomes of both groups.

Mohamed Fakhr

University of Tulsa, USA

Title: Molecular Characterization of Staphylococci Isolated From Retail Mushrooms

Biography:

Mohamed K. Fakhr, is currently an Associate Professor of Molecular Microbiology in the Department of Biological Science at the University of Tulsa, USA. After obtaining his Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University in 2002, Dr. Fakhr, moved to North Dakota State University where he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate then a Research Assistant Professor at the Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences. In 2008, Dr. Fakhr moved to Tulsa, where he currently runs an active research program in the area of Molecular Typing and Detection of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens alongside exploring the mechanisms by which these foodborne pathogens develop resistance to antimicrobials

Abstract:

Staphylococcus spp. is a known cause of food poisoning in humans. The prevalence and virulence of staphylococci in retail mushrooms is understudied despite their proposed role as a mecA gene reservoir. One of the objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of staphylococci in both conventional and organic retail mushrooms sold in the Tulsa, Oklahoma area. Characterizing the isolated strains for their possession of toxin and mecA genes was also aimed at. Molecular typing of the isolated strains to determine their origin and genetic diversity was also performed. A total of 420 samples of retail mushrooms were purchased from retail stores including Asian markets across the Tulsa area. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from 14 different domestic and imported brands of fresh mushrooms. Prospective colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were identified by PCR and the presence of 18 toxin genes and the mecA gene were screened for by PCR. A total of 297/420 mushroom samples (70.71%) was positive for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. The prevalence of S. aureus in the tested mushroom samples was only 1.6%. The mecA gene was detected in 64/297 (21.55%) of the positive samples. A total of 552 isolated staphylococcal strains were also tested for the presence of 18 toxin genes. The prevalence of enterotoxins ranged from 0.1% to 2.1%. The see, sej and sei genes were the most detected enterotoxins among all isolates and the exfoliative toxin (eta) gene was detected in only one isolate. The genes of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, leucocidins (lukE/lukD and lukM), and Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) were not detected in any of the staphylococcal isolates screened. A subset of 120 staphylococcal isolates was subjected to 16S rDNA gene sequencing and was molecularly identified. A total of 10 different Staphylococcus species was detected including S. aureus, S. fleurettii, S. saprophyticus, S. vitulinus, S. sciuri, S. xylosus, S. succinus, S. pasteuri, S. warneri, and S. haemolyticus. More than half of the screened S. fleurettii strains carried the mecA gene. Genetic diversity among the identified staphylococci strains showed higher diversity reflecting the mushroom compost environment. Genetic diversity in the mecA gene among a selected number of isolated staphylococci in this study showed a higher degree of DNA homology among the isolates, indicating that these isolates can serve as a reservoir of this important gene in the environment. Molecular typing using PFGE for the identified staphylococci showed a high degree of diversity that varied according to the mushroom brand. PFGE, MLST and spa typing of the isolated S. aureus strains showed two distinct strains of a human origin, supporting that contamination with S. aureus was as a result of human handling of the mushrooms during packaging. In conclusion, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. in fresh mushrooms is high and a subset of the strains was shown to harbor enterotoxin genes, which might lead to foodborne poisoning. The mecA screening and genetic diversity results support the hypothesis that those staphylococci other than S. aureus can serve as reservoirs for this methicillin resistance gene

Brunilís Burgos-Rivera

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA

Title: Analytical validation of three alternative PCR master mixes for Bordetella species real-time PCR detection

Biography:

Brunilís Burgos-Rivera completed her PhD in Genetics from the University of Georgia in 2012. Currently, she is a microbiologist at the Pertussis and Diphtheria Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) working as a contractor. She has served as the Laboratory Coordinator for the Latin American Pertussis Project, a collaboration between CDC, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Pan American Health Organization, and the Ministries of Health in select Latin American Countries to strengthen pertussis surveillance and diagnostics in the Region. More recently, she has been selected as a Fellow to the CDC Laboratory Leadership Service, Class of 2016

Abstract:

The Pertussis and Diphtheria Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay for the detection of three Bordetella species. This assay is routinely used at the CDC, public health laboratories in the USA and internationally for pertussis diagnostics. It relies on one approved and validated PCR master mix, Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Master Mix (GE). In recent years PCR master mixes have been engineered to be resistant to PCR inhibitors, thus potentially providing more sensitive alternative master mixes to be used in this assay. Three commercially available alternative master mixes were identified: Quanta PerfeCTa SuperMix (QS), Quanta PerfeCTa ToughMix (QT) and Quanta PerfeCTa ToughMix with UNG (QTU). The performance of these master mixes was evaluated by comparing target-specific detection levels and consistency among three rtPCR instruments previously validated and currently used for routine pertussis diagnosis. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of these alternative PCR master mixes was assessed by the Bordetella species rtPCR multi-target assay. We report that QS produced Ct values comparable to GE, while QT and QTU produced lower Ct values (≥2 Ct value difference) and thus exhibited higher analytic sensitivity across all assays and instruments. Therefore, before selecting an alternative master mix or rtPCR platform, laboratories should validate their own diagnostic assay to ensure it is producing results with clinically relevant cut-offs, as those previously published.

Essam Badawy

Minia University, Egypt

Title: Molecular diagnosis of Human metapneumovirus

Biography:

Essam Badawy has completed his PhD Minia University, Egypt and Postdoctoral studies from Cairo University School of Medicine. He is the Director of Emergency Department, Hera General Hospital, JCI-Accredited Governmental Hospital, MOH, KSA. He is a Senior Consultant Internal Medicine & Professor of Internal Medicine & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University. He has published more than 24 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

The recent discovery of Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) as a major respiratory pathogen has been made possible by means of RT-PCR. Studies thus far published have mostly been conducted using the molecular approach; clarification of epidemiological, clinical features and using molecular biological techniques for diagnosis of hMPV. 189 patients with suspected viral respiratory tract infections were included and respiratory specimens were analyzed for hMPV by Seeplex respiratory virus detection kit. Detection techniques that were used included virus detection by RT-PCR, DFA-staining and the rapid culture technique known as shell vial amplification using Mabs of nasal wash or aspirate fluid. The study determined that 61 (32.3%) respiratory viruses out of 189 respiratory samples and showed presence of hMPV in 8 (13.1%) of 61 samples and epidemiological data showed that hMPV had variable seasonal activity. Sex patients with positive hMPV (75%) had preexisting serious disorders. By using shell vial cultures with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), the related isolated virus of the patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), showed a plaque of infected cells with small syncytial formations, while that of other seven patients showed single infected cells. All samples with hMPV positive patients by RT-PCR were correlated with whatever DFA staining or shell vial cultures by MAbs. hMPV is a significant pathogen in immunocompromised patients with a risk of high morbidity and mortality. Using combination of diagnostic work up may be useful to confirm detection of hMPV.

Perez Bawoh

St. Francis Higher Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Junior/Laboratory Technician Holy Trinity Hospital, Cameroon

Title: Anti-plasmodial Agents from a Cameroonian medicinal plant

Biography:

Perez Bawoh, a young Laboratory Technician, Final year B.Sc Medical Laboratory Technology Student at St. Francis Higher Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Junior/Laboratory Technician Holy Trinity Hospital – Ekona, Cameroon was born on March 19, 1993 in Buea fako division in the south west region of Cameroon. Presently I am working on bacteria found in medicinal plants in Cameroon. I have worked for close to two years in this domain and am very ambitious to gain more expertise in this field. As a young researcher I have work in the laboratory under the supervision of clinical lab technologists.

Abstract:

This work, entitled “Anti-plasmodial Agents from a Cameroonian Medicinal Plant”, reports the isolation, structure determination and pharmacological evaluation of constituents isolated from Peperomia vulcanica (Piperaceae). This plant was chosen because it is added to anti-fever preparations by traditional medical practitioners. Repeated column chromatography of the plant extracts afforded thirteen compounds, eight compounds from the hexane extract and five from the methylene chloride extract, three of which have been completely identified as shown compounds. Phytochemical investigation of the crude hexane and methylene chloride extracts resulted in the isolation of thirteen compounds, seven were active, one of which, 5 Demethyltangeretin, was tested for vi Vitro activity against plasmodium falciparium for the first time. Others were identified as stimasterol and matairesirol dimethyether. The structures of the compounds were determined by modern spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and physical characteristics as well by comparism of their spectroscopic data with literature values. In vitro activity assessment against plasmodium falciparium was performed using microtittre plates.

Ekta Rawat

Kurukshetra University, India

Title: Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial active macrocyclic complexes of main group metal with their in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies

Biography:

Ekta Rawat is a research scholar at Department of Chemistry at Kurukshetra University, India. Her research interests have been focusing on pharmacological and anticancer properties of macrocyclic and supramolecular frameworks. She has been awarded with Young Scientist Award and Best Paper Presentation Award at National conferences organised by reputed Universities of India. She has co-authored twelve papers in Journals of International repute and one book chapter. She has steadily presented papers in various international and domestic conferences. Moreover, she is also working on Major Research Project funded by UGC, India on organometallic compounds in cancer therapy. She is also a life member of Indian Science Congress Association, Kolkata, India. Her papers has been selected at • 3rd Annual International Conference on Chemistry 2015 at Athens, Greece • 5th World Congress on Cancer Therapy 2015 at Atlanta, USA. • 4th International conference on Medicinal Chemistry & Computer Aided Drug Designing Atlanta, USA. • International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science, Singapore, 2016. • 2nd World Congress Breast Cancer 2016 at Phoenix, USA.

Abstract:

Despite the current advancement in drug discovery and pharmaceutical biotechnology, infection diseases induced by microorganisms continue to be one of the greatest health problems worldwide, afflicting millions of people annually. Almost all microorganisms have, in fact, an intrinsic outstanding ability to flout many therapeutic interventions, thanks to their fast and easy-to-occur evolutionary genetic mechanisms. There is an urgent need for alternatives to antibiotics in preventing and treating these infections as a result of increases in drug resistance. The capacity of macrocyclic complexes to destroy infectious micro-organisms makes it one of the most powerful antimicrobial agents and anti-inflammatory agents, an attractive feature against ‘super-bugs’ resistant to antibiotics. A noticeable increase in molecular complexity of drug targets has created an unmet need in the therapeutic agents that are larger than traditional small molecules. Macrocycles, which are cyclic compounds comprising 12 atoms or more, are now recognized as molecules that “are up to the task”. Macrocycles are equipped with large polar surface areas, achieving cellular permeability and bioavailability is anything but straightforward. Perspective of present is to provide an overview of both mechanistic and structural issues that bear on macrocycles as a unique class of molecules. A new series of macrocyclic multidentate ligand and its complexes with main group metal are reported. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the compounds was determined through physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed octahedral geometries about metal atom. Biological activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against Gram positive bacterial strain and Gram negative bacteria revealed that the metal complexes become more potentially resistive to the microbial activities as compared to the free ligand. These compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by carragenan induced paw oedema method. The binding mode of the title compounds has been proposed based on the docking studies.

Gadangi Indira

Kakatiya University, India

Title: RAA-ESBLE- Risk factors associated with acquisition of ESBLEscherichia coli infection, detection and treatment, a case report

Biography:

Dr.Gadangi Indira has completed her PhD FROM Kakatiya U niversity in Medical Microbiology On dermatophytosis. She is an Associate Professor and HOD of Department of Microbiology in Pingle Govt College for Women, Warangal, Telangana State, India.At present she is working on a major research project funded by U.G.C. She has published papers in both National and International journals and a reviewer for a reputed journal.

Abstract:

ESBL group of organisms are beta lactamase enzyme producing organisms capable of breaking the beta lactam ring in antibiotics hence are resistant to usually cephalosporins and few other antibiotics. In these E.coli is the most common bacteria that lives in gut harmlessly but causes Urinary tract infection and in severe cases blood poisoning, septicemia or bacteremia leading to serious sepsis. When not treated it leads to inflammation of body parts, blood clots, blocking oxygen supply andultimately causing death. In present study report a 51 years old Indian tourist patient was admitted in a Wake Med Health hospital at USA, with symptoms of UTI.In hospital she was diagnosed with ESBL E.coliUTI infection with>100,000 colonies /ml and blood culture showed positive result. In this case the Sepsiswas resulted as secondary infection. She even suffered with chronic anemia. The previous medical history of subject showed several risk factors for acquisition of infection. These include elder age, female gender,chronic anemia, recent hospitalization, surgical procedure (due to hysterectomy), intravenous catheterization, intensive careand prolonged usage of high potency antibiotics.All these factors are established as predictive and prognostic risk factors for acquisition of infection and also results in colonization of organism. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by using CLSI, MIC method on Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Cefepime, Celfazidine, Celtriaxone, Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Tobramycin showed resistant, Nitroflurantoin showed semi resistant andErtapenem, gentamicin,Amikacin showed susceptibility. Hence the subject was treated with Doripenemas Intra Venous administration for 15 days with the help of a peripherally inserted central catheteri.e., PICC line.In this case study report,the excessive usage of high dose antibiotics for longer period made the organism resistant or immune. This factor was considered as the primary risk factor followed by hospitalization and gender. In conclusion the study of risk factors help in identification of high-risk cases of UTI positive infection. But still individualization is needed for identification of risk factors.The drug used for the treatment is expensive and often not available in developing countries. The drug sensitivity tests helps in establishing an empirical antibiotic policy. Key words: ESBL, Escherichia coli,CLSI, MIC method, PICC line Cephalosporinsand Ertapenem

Peter Timms

Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Title: Progress towards the development of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas

Biography:

Professor Timms is Professor of Microbiology at the University of Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. He is a nationally and internationally renowned microbiologist with specific expertise in the area of Chlamydia. His laboratory is acknowledged as the leading Australian laboratory and one of the leading groups internationally working on all aspects of chlamydial infections.

Abstract:

Wild koala populations continue to experience serious declines as a result of factors including, (i) loss of habitat, (ii) motor vehicle trauma; (iii) dog attacks; (iv) chlamydial disease. Chlamydial infections have been associated with diseases ranging from ocular disease leading to blindness, as well as urinary and genital tract disease. Modeling shows that targeting chlamydial disease would have the greatest potential impact on stabilising population decline. In the first trial we vaccinated groups of captive healthy koalas via the sc route, using the chlamydial MOMP antigen. We observed good serum and vaginal secretion antibodies as well as specific lymphocyte proliferation responses. In the next trial we utilised a recombinant MOMP protein, cloned from a C.pecorum koala isolate. We vaccinated two groups of koalas, (i) wild caught animals that were clinically healthy and Chlamydia PCR negative, (ii) wild caught animals with no signs of disease. Following vaccination, there was no increase in inflammatory pathological changes in any animals. Strong antibody (including neutralizing antibodies) and lymphocyte proliferation responses occurred in all vaccinated koalas. So far, we have shown that a multi-subunit chlamydial vaccine can be safely administered to both healthy koalas as well as koalas that have a previous or current chlamydial infection. Specific anti-MOMP antibodies are produced at high levels and, importantly, these antibodies are neutralizing in vitro.

Swati Khare

College of Pharmacy IPS Academy, India

Title: Optimized Formulation, Preformulary characterization and evaluation and of Diethylcarbamazine citrate - Medicated chewing gum

Biography:

Swati Khare has completed her Masters in Pharmacy (M. Pharma) in Pharmaceutics (Honors) from College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, Indore (M.P.) in 2012. Currently she is working with IIST College Indore as Assistant Professor. Earlier she had worked with Cyano Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Indore as Q.A. Officer. She has presented poster on “Innovative pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science” in Bhopal and Paper presentation during Technopharma event held in S.I.R.T. Bhopal in April 2012

Abstract:

Truncate Infections caused by Helminthes, or parasitic worms, affect more than two billion people worldwide. Looking at this situation, an attempt has been made to formulate a novel drug delivery system known as medicated chewing gum containing masticatory gum base with pharmacologically active ingredient Diethylcarbamazine citrate (used as a first-line agent for control and treatment of Lymphatic filariasis and for therapy of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi). Optimized formulations of medicated chewing gum with varying concentration of gum base were formulated. Evaluation parameter like Texture analysis (Hardness, Firmness and Springiness test) is carried out by Texture analyzer apparatus (TAXT plus). Improved essentials of casting & In-Vitro release profile of drug in saliva was obtained by formulation Fc3 (96.2%). Buccal absorption studies showed that 39.2% of drug absorbed within one minute when available to buccal mucosa at pH 5.5, commensurate with explain diethylcarbamazine citrate- medicated chewing gum (DEC-MCG) can be considered as better formulation for buccal drug delivery system in which drug is absorbed buccally and reaches the systemic circulation via jugular vein.

Tutsirai V Musingwini

University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

Title: Title HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Antiretroviral Drug-Naïve and Antiretroviral Drug -Experienced HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Zimbabwean popullation

Biography:

Tutsirai V Musingwini Mphil student with the University of Zimbabwe ,finishing off studies in December 2015. She currently submitted a manuscript for publishing of her findings on the HIV drug resistance study. She graduated with a Bachelor of Technology Honours degree in Biotechnology in 2010.She is a young aspiring researcher ,who is keen to venture and learn aboutthe vast world of research,especially the molecular biology of disesae infection.

Abstract:

The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication has significantly reduced HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, but however, the effectiveness of ART has been threatened by emergence of drug resistance mutations. The objective of this study was to determine frequencies of HIV drug resistance mutations , using proviral DNA from blood specimens of treatment -experienced and treatment-naïve patients recruited from an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe.103 participants were enrolled, 80% being female. 6 (6%) of these had at least one drug resistance mutation and were also treatment experienced. None of the treatment naïve patients (11%) had mutations. The mutations observed were; NRTI mutations M184V, T69D, T69N and V75I; NNRTI mutations , G190E, Y181C, , G190A and K103N, V108M; and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) D67N, K219Q, K70R L210W , and T215Y . The most frequently occurring mutation in the whole group of patients was the M184V mutation, which occurred in 5 of the 6(83%) participants. We demonstrated the use of proviral DNA in HIV drug resistance testing of treatment experienced and naïve patients, as well as its potential use in predicting treatment outcomes were viral load monitoring is not widely available, as reflected in routine clinical practice in this setting. This helps provide surveillance on risk of resistance in the population, and corrective action on current treatment regimens can be taken.

Alemayehu Reta Terefe

Debre Markos Univerrsity, Ethiopia

Title: Nasal Carriage, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among School Children in Ethiopia

Biography:

Alemayehu Reta has completed his BSc at the age of 21 years from Haromaya University and MSc studies from Jimma University Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Pathology. He is the department head of Medical Laboratory Science. He has published 2 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Young children are major reservoir for community acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and accelerate transmission of CA-MRSA. The aim of this study was to determine the nasal carriage and antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRSA isolates among school children in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates among school children. A total of 300 nasal swabs were collected from March 1 to June 30, 2013. MRSA was detected using both Cefoxitin (30 µg) and Oxacillin (1 µg) discs in combination and risk factors were assessed using self-administered structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS V-20. Of 123 S. aureus isolates 17(13.8%) were MRSA isolates. The main risk factors for nasal carriage of MRSA in the study area were, having recurrent acute otitis media and use of an antibiotic in the previous year. The Susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolates were (94.1%) to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin, (88.2%) to Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin and Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and (58.8%) to Doxycycline. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G and sensitive to Gentamycin. This study showed a rising rate of nasal carriage of MRSA among school children. Previous use of antibiotics by the children was statistically associated with MRSA carriage. Therefore developing decolonization protocols and proper utilization of drugs are needed in order to reduce the transmission and the burden of MRSA.

ODIGIE, Bolaji Efosa

University of Benin, Nigeria

Title: Cytopathology and Epidemiology of Cervicitis in Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) in Enugu, Nigeria

Biography:

Efosa is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in Medical Laboratory Science (Histopathology/Cytopathology) Specialization at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research interest focuses on Comparative and Experimental Pathology, and Cervical Cytology with a particular interest in abnormal cervical lesions and deleterious effects of medicinal plants (herbal therapy) in humans at the cellular level. He has over 18 publications in reputed and peer reviewed journals on the above subjects. In 2013, he was admitted to the Canadian Society of Medical Laboratory Science as an associate member. He is married to pretty Osarogie Joyce and blessed with Cherub and Saraphina.

Abstract:

Illicit sexual behavior by commercial sex workers (CSW) may have a disproportionate impact on the reproductive health of a woman that often leads to cervicitis. This study aimed at examining the cytopathology, patterns, prevalence and burden of cervicitis in CSWs in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Cervical smears are collected from the endocervix of about one hundred and eighteen (n=118) CSWs between August 2014 and February 2015 using the liquid-based cytology (LBC) method, including smear preparation. Stained smears are by the modified Emergency Papanicolaou method. The leftover samples are tested for sexually transmitted diseases, especially N. gonorrhea, and C. trachomatis using ligase chain reaction and nucleic acid amplification test. The randomized sampling design is used for data collection. Cytopathology of cervicitis in CSWs showed a moderate infection, and moderately severe to chronic inflammatory cells. The epidemiology revealed that acute cervicitis are predominant 7(5.9%) and 2(1.7%) are chronic cervicitis. The prevalence of CSWs living with cervicitis in Enugu, Nigeria (7.6%), is significantly affected by age and working duration as CSWs. Chlamydia trachomatis is the solely associated pathogen implicated in cervicitis group (n=9). Candidiasis infection (n=12) and T. vaginalis (n=3) are observed in the non-cervicitis group (n=109) while the association between C. trachomatis and cervicitis infection is statistically significant (P= 0.0221). There is a preponderance of acute cervicitis to chronic (4:1) while C. trachomatis infection is the prevalent etiologic agent of cervicitis in this study. However, further molecular study of LBC samples obtained from CSWs by real-time PCR is strongly recommended.

Habimana Bosco

Gisenyi District Hospital, Africa

Title: Evaluation of Different Diagnostic Method of Mycobacterial Tuberculosis And Controle of diseases

Biography:

Habimana Bosco has completed his BACHEROL DEGREE at the age of 26 years from University OF RWANDA studies from School of Medicine And Allied health Sciencies. He is the Head of mycobacterium department at Gisenyi district Hospital as a researcher working on Operational Research

Abstract:

The diagnosis of Tuberculosis in development country remain a big issue where we are trying to Introduce new diagnosis in order to control the diseases , such as the Gene xpert system and Led Microscopy have been described as promising techniques for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis but lack of sensitivity of Led microscope compare to Molecular diagnostic , With the aim of evaluating the specifity and sensitivity of Led microscopy with Genexpert method on samples of spatum of patients suspected of tuberculosis we analyzed 267 clinical samples, using as a Led microscopy Using Auramine staining and molecular diagnosis( Genexpert ) with dectecte of M. tuberculosis genome and Rifampicine detection . Molecular diagnosis (Gene Xpert method showed higher sensitivity in patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis (Where some cases missing by auramine staining are shown by Genexpert We analyzed sputum from 267 patients in the different age suspected of TB, admitted in the period from October 2015 to 1 ST November 2015 at the outpatient clinic at GISENYI Hospital , when compared to patients with the Tuberculosis using Auramine staning Vs Genexpert in 267 Patient we see that 15 patient are find with pulmonary tuberculosis among this patient one are reported as MultDrugResistant cases . Comparing the results of auramine staning using Led Microscopy for detection of M. tuberculosis in spatum we see all missing 5 cases auramine staining will be showed by molecular diagnosis by using Genexpert . the xpert showed higher sensitivity compare to Led microscopy using auramine staining Genexpert is a rapid technique that, it showing a good sensitivity, The performance of Genexpert techniques should be considered and tested in future works on specimens like sputum, readily obtainable in most cases. The improving of M. tuberculosis Using Genexpert and Rif detection is very sensitive, Also, TB smear microscopy is highly insensitive for HIV- co infected individuals and for children due to the reduced pulmonary bacillary loads in these patients. TB affected patients will give the possibility of an earlier detection of bacilli thus interrupting the transmission chain of the disease. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Genexpert method , sputum ,molecular diagnosis, Led microscopy (auramine staining ).Multidrug resistance.

Brian Arturo Mondeja Rodríguez

Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Cuba

Title: Detection Of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae By A Novel Ari Well-D-One Culture-Based Micro-Method.

Biography:

Brian Arturo Mondeja Rodríguez, is a young researcher, Master in Sciences of the National Reference Laboratory of Mycoplasmas, at Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kourí”, Cuba. His principal topic of investigation is the microbiological diagnosis, isolation and molecular characterization of fastidious human mycoplasmas as M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae. He is working in his Ph.D. thesis, related with the M. genitalium infection: microbiological diagnosis, genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Cuban M. genitalium isolates. He has participated in several national and international research projects and scientific events, and published about 8 papers in national and international journals.

Abstract:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen in community-acquired-pneumonia. At date, in the diagnosis of pediatric infections, PCR and serology are the most used methods. However, culture continue being the reference method but is complex and time consumer. The aims of this work is the validation, clinical and microbiological assessment of a novel commercial culture-based kit ARI WELL-D-ONE for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Cuban pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections. Samples were collected from March to June of 2015 at the “Juan M. Marquez” Hospital in Havana City, from pediatric patients with respiratory illness. Respiratory samples from 71 patients were investigated at the same time using M. pneumoniae-PCR, culture and ARI WELL-kit. A total concordance in M. pneumoniae-detection was recorded among the three performed methods. M. pneumoniae was detected and isolated in 7 % (5/71) of patients. ARI WELL-D-ONE showed a 100 % of specificity and sensibility in the identification and isolation of M. pneumoniae from infected clinical samples. Successful re-isolation of M. pneumoniae clinical strains were obtained by conventional culture in Mycoplasma- media from mycoplasmas-specific kit wells, confirmed the utility of the kit for the recuperation of clinical strains for other laboratory procedures. All the M. pneumoniae infected patients have a clinical diagnosis of atypical-pneumonia or uncontrolled-asthma manifestation, suggesting a typical respiratory mycoplasmosis. In conclusion, the results suggest the feasibility of the new kit for mycoplasma microbiological diagnosis in medical centers without access to PCR-based tests.

Nadia María Rodríguez Preval

Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Cuba

Title: Evaluation Of An Accelerated Micro-Method For The Detection, Identification And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Urogenital Mycoplasmas.

Biography:

Nadia María Rodríguez Preval, is a young researcher, Master in Sciences, Assistant professor and the Head of the National Reference Laboratory of Mycoplasmas, at Tropical Medicine Institute “Pedro Kourí”, Cuba. Her principal topic of investigation is the use of molecular methods for diagnostic and research of mycoplasmas in humans, and the application of conventional and advanced tests for identification of mycoplasmas. She is working in her Ph.D. thesis, related with the antimicrobial resistance of Cuban mycoplasmas isolates. She has participated in several national and international research projects and scientific events, and published about 24 papers in national and international journals.

Abstract:

Genital mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. are potentially pathogenic bacteria that colonize the genitourinary tract of sexually active individuals. Infections by these bacteria can lead to genital infections as well as undesirable squeals during pregnancy. The challenge of conventional methods to diagnose mycoplasmas forces researchers to investigate more sensitive, reliable and rapid alternatives. The new commercially available MYCO WELL D-ONE assay provides easy identification and enumeration of M. hominis and/or Ureaplasma spp. within 24 h to 48 h. The aim of this study was the validation of this commercial culture-based kit in comparison with the culture, in Cuban patients with urogenital infections. Fifty endocervical swab samples were collected from January to February of 2015 at the Tropical Medicine Institute ¨Pedro Kourí¨ in Havana City, from patients with urogenital infections, and analyzed at the same time using the conventional culture for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, and the MYCO WELL-kit. Ureaplasma spp. were detected in 10% (5/50) and M. hominis was detected in 24% (12/50) of the patients. There was not coinfection in the study samples. The MYCO WELL D–ONE kit had 94.8% and 96.4% of sensitivity and specificity respectively against the bacteriological culture. In conclusion, the results suggest the feasibility of the new commercial kit for the detection and identification of M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in medical centers without access to culture and PCR-based tests.

Ali

The Foundation University, Pakistan

Title: Is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia heading towards pan-drug resistance?

Biography:

Biography: Usman Ali, 21 years, undergraduate student of M.B.B.S. at Foundation University Medical College, Pakistan. Published two research articles in Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal and Austin Journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. Currently, working as a research assistant in department of Pathology at Foundation University. Awarded gold medal of year 2014 in subject of Pharmacology by Foundation University, Pakistan. Runner-up all rounder student at IST Youth Carnival 2014.

Abstract:

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated in a tertiary care setting and frequency of multi, extensively and pan drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in Microbiology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2015 to June 2015. Isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using standard microbiological techniques and the antimicrobial resistance was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion against various antimicrobials. Data was analyzed using SPSS(software version 21). Results: Ninety isolates were confirmed as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Pus(33.33%) and urine(24.44%) were the most common specimens from which this bacterium was isolated. Antimicrobial resistance pattern has shown high percentage of resistance to many antimicrobials with exception to azetronam, minocycline, polymyxin B and colistin. Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from our setup were resistant to antimicrobial agents used in the study. It is predicted that the infections caused by this bacterium shall be difficult to treat in near future due to resistance to these antimicrobial agents. Though at this point no pan drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is reported but the resistance pattern suggests that pan drug resistant strains may arise in near future and when the time comes only newer antimicrobials can provide the answer. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, pan drug resistance(PDR), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Amah Henry

Imo State University, Nigeria

Title: Genital tract bacteria linked to preterm pre-mature rupture of membrane (pprom) and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern

Biography:

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract:

Genital tract infection has been associated with increased risks for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM). This study was carried out to ascertain the role of genital tract infection in the aetiology of PPROM as well as the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the incriminating pathogens. METHODS: A total of 102 pregnant women presented with PPROM between 24 weeks and 37 weeks of gestation and 102 control cases were enrolled while attending prenatal clinic of the federal medical centre, Owerri. The sociodemographic characteristics of the study population was taken and microbial flora were isolated using standard bacteriological methods. Disc susceptibility test was performed according to NCCLS methods. RESULTS: Pathogens were isolated in 85 patients, giving a recovery rate of 83.3%. The common pathogens include Escherichia coli (23.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.6%) Streptococcus spp (16.7%) and Candida albican (13.7%). Levofloxacin was the most effective antibiotics against all the isolated pathogens while ampicillin-cloxacillin was the least active. CONCLUSION: The timely detection and administration of ceftriaxone erythromycin, cefuroxime or augmentin were suggested for conservative management of PPROM.

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